Evaluation of Hematological and Histopathological Effects of Dennettia tripetala Fruit Extract on Isoniazid-Induced Seizure in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Seizure is one of the neurological and episodic clinical challenges and, one underutilized option for medication-resistant in seizure is the use of medicinal plants. Dennettia tripetala has been found to possess anti-seizure effects. This study estimates the hematological parameters and examines the histopathological effect of ethanolic extract of Dennettia tripetala fruit on Isonaizid-induced seizure on the temporal lobe. Twenty-four (24) adult Wistar rats were randomized into six groups (1-6) of four rats each (n=4). The positive and negative control groups (group 1 and 2) received Isoniazid 300 mg/kg, i.p (inducing agent) and 1 ml, i.p normal saline (vehicle); while the rats in groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were induced with 300 mg/kg of Isoniazid and treated with 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg of the extract and 50 mg/kg of sodium valproate, o.p respectively. In the hematological study, the blood parameters RBC, PCV and HB decreased, while WBC remained normal and decrease eosinophils count was noted. Histopathological changes observed in the untreated seizure induced (positive control) group presented atrophied neurons, shrunken neurons, coagulative necrosis and microcystic spaces. The extract treated groups exhibited dose dependent reduction in the above histopathological features as well as the sodium valproate standard drug group. This implies that, Dennettia tripettala fruit extract at high dose exerts hematotoxic effect, while neuroprotective effect was observed at low dose. In conclusion, it is safe and effective at low dosage.