The Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters in Positive COVID-19 RealTime PCR Patients: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Coronavirus, a member of the beta coronavirus family, encompasses a range of illnesses from common colds to severe disorders. SARS-CoV-2, transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is sneezing, coughing and talking, caused the global pandemic COVID-19 in 2020. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system especially in the lung cell, leading to diverse symptoms and severe consequences. This study was carried out in the COVID-19 Isolation Centre in Mukalla City, Yemen, to evaluate biochemical tests in COVID-19 patients. In the retrospective single-centre study on 116 COVID-19 patients, some of biochemical Analysed Parameters were glucose, Liver function tests, renal function tests, lipid profile, and proinflammatory markers; convenience sampling based on existing records for socio-demographics, medical history, and biochemistry were analysed by using a spectrophotometry and Chemiluminescent immunoassay analyser. used SPSS version 25 to analyse data. Most COVID-19 patients in Mukalla City (91.4 % of those over 46 years old) have common symptoms such as fever, cough, and respiratory problems. The study found links between chronic health disorders (hypertension 96.6 %, diabetes mellitus 94.8 %) and greater vulnerability to COVID-19. Blood glucose levels substantially impact COVID-19 occurrences (p 0.0001). Some liver function tests are associated with COVID-19 (total protein, albumin, LDH, and GGT) (p = 0.044, 0.010, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). Urea and creatinine levels imply renal function and their significant association (p=0.001 for both), whereas uric acid had no significant association with COVID-19 (p = 0.134). However, lipid profile tests lack statistical significance; they do identify trends. Proinflammatory markers CRP and ferritin strongly correlate with positive COVID-19 patients (p=0.0001 for both). In conclusion, COVID-19 significantly affects glucose metabolism, liver function, renal dynamics, and inflammatory markers, necessitating vigilant monitoring for clinical care and informing future research.