Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Diabetic Retinopathy: Causes, Investigations, and Treatment

Omar Elsaka

Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology · pp. 98–106 · Published 10 Dec 2021

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are caused by chronic damage to the neurovascular structure of the retina. The pathophysiology of retinal damage remains uncertain but includes abnormalities in metabolism and neuroinflammation. These mechanisms are considered for deep metabolic regulation of systemic diseases and the use of ocular anti-inflammatory agents such as vascular endothelium inhibitors and corticosteroids. A better understanding of the underlying eye and systemic processes of diabetic retinopathy will improve the way we diagnose and treat retinopathy and maintain better vision. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy progresses with the duration of the disease and often leads to an increase in retinopathy in early adolescent patients and macular edema in elderly patients.

Diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus hypoglycemia vitrectomy proliferative diabetic retinopathy vitreous hemorrhage.

Cited by 0

No indexed citations yet.

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

0

Page views

0

PDF downloads

0

Outbound clicks

0

Citations

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

No views recorded yet.

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

No traffic recorded yet.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.