Evaluation of Atherogenic Risk in Diabetic Patients Attending the National Hospital Center Dalal Jamm, Senegal

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, defined by chronic hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose ≥ 1.26 g/L or ≥ 2 g/L at any time), is frequently associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, which exacerbates cardiovascular risk. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted among diabetic patients followed at CHNDJ. Patients were recruited from the biochemistry department of the medical analysis laboratory between August 2019 and February 2020. The main objective was to assess atherogenic risk in these patients. Results: Mean age 57.4 ± 13.8 years; 74.9% women; dyslipidemia prevalence 67.1%. Mean AIP and AI values were elevated in the study population (Table 1), and their variation according to dyslipidemia showed that these indices exceeded recommended thresholds in both dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic patients. Atherogenicity indices were elevated (mean AIP 0.24; Castelli I 3.9), more perturbed in patients ≥ 60 years (p < 0.05 for AIP, CRI-I, CRIII) and in cases of glycemic imbalance (p < 0.05 for CRI-I, CRI-II, AIP, AI). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that exploration of the lipid profile and atherogenicity indices is essential in diabetic patients to better prevent and manage cardiovascular disease risk.