Unveiling Metastasis through Pericardial Effusion: A Clinical Case of Breast Cancer Recurrence

Abstract

Pericardial effusion, characterized by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity, can result from various etiologies, including malignancies. Neoplastic pericardial effusion is particularly concerning, often serving as an early marker of cancer recurrence and complicating clinical management, particularly in oncology patients. This case report discusses a 47-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with progressive dyspnea and signs of cardiac tamponade. Diagnostic imaging revealed a large circumferential pericardial effusion. Further investigations identified cerebral and hepatic metastases, emphasizing the role of pericardial effusion in detecting metastatic spread. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis, followed by surgical drainage and pleuro-pericardial window then chemotherapy, which led to resolution of symptoms and stabilization. This case highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring for pericardial effusion in breast cancer survivors, particularly those presenting with unexplained respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms, as early detection and prompt intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including echocardiography, fluid analysis, and surgical management, are essential in managing malignant pericardial effusions and preventing recurrence.