Smoking and Hypertension: A Study in Subjects Admitted to Hospital for Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Aims: There is a general consensus in considering cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: a direct causal association between smoking and hypertension however is questioned. The present paper reports a study on the effect of cigarette smoking and of other clinical parameters on hypertension in a sample of subjects admitted to Hospital for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology Valmontone Hospital and Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, between  April 2007- December 2013. Methodology: We have studied 335 subjects admitted to the Hospital for Cardiovascular Diseases. Statistical analyses were in the study that was approved by the Ethical Committee. We have considered hypertension in relation to smoking, diabetes, age and sex. Results: Multivariate statistical analyses have shown a high significant effect of age  (P<.001) and diabetes (P<.01) on hypertension and a border line effect of smoke (P=.05). No effect of sex has been detected (P=.47). The proportion of subjects with hypertension is positively correlated with the number of risk factors examined. Conclusion: Our data indicate that an independent effect of smoking on blood pressure is relatively small and suggest an additive effect of the variables considered on the risk of hypertension.