Value Addition on Trend of Pneumonia Disease in India- The Current Update

Abstract

Pneumonia continues to be the leading infectious cause of death among children under the age of five worldwide. Diagnosis of this disease is primarily dependent on physical examination, clinical history, and radiographic studies. Microbiological studies of the lower respiratory tract secretions have proven to be futile, however, sputum gram staining and culturing methods often aid in the diagnosis and management of these infections. Aspiration pneumonia often occurs in a community setting and primarily involves anaerobes like Staphylococcus aureus or gram-negative rods such as Klebsiella pneumonia, and other Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species. The total number of cases taken in the study of acute pneumonia was 22 (15 male subjects and 7 female subjects). Biochemical tests were conducted for identifying different organisms present in the samples collected from patients suffering from acute pneumonia. Distribution of bacteria in the case of acute pneumonia was as follows: Staphylococcus aureus was recorded to be the highest (36.36%) followed by Streptococcus pneumonia (18.18%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (18.18%), Pseudomonas pneumonia (13.63%), Haemophilus influenza (9.09%) and lastly Chlamydia pneumonia (4.45%). A maximum number of laboratories proven acute pneumonia cases (36.36%) belonged to 61-70 years. The distribution of cases was marginally more in urban areas (63.63%). By occupation largest group (36.36%) was of others in case of acute pneumonia were as farmers, housewives and others were the largest groups (22.73%) each. The microbial etiology derived from the present study found that Klebsiella pneumonia was an independent risk factor for mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Moreover, two important findings were drawn from this study. K. pneumonia was identified as the causative pathogen in 22% of cases, second to S. pneumonia.