Phytochemical Investigation and Toxicological Insights of Cassia sieberiana Leaf Extract: Implications for Medicinal use

Abstract

Introduction: Cassia sieberiana, a member of the Fabaceae family, has a rich history of traditional medicinal uses. This study focuses on exploring the medicinal potential of the methanol extract from Cassia sieberiana leaves. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds and assess acute toxicity through LD50 determination. Methods: Fresh leaves were collected from Opi town, Nsukka, Nigeria, and authenticated. Male Wister albino rats were acclimatized, and phytochemical screening was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods. LD50 determination followed internationally recognized protocols, employing mice models. Results: The methanol extract exhibited a yield of 11.2%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, and quinones. Alkaloids were predominant (1770.8±74.43 mg/100g). LD50 determination showed 100% survival at 5000 mg/kg, indicating relative safety. Discussion: The high yield suggests methanol as an effective solvent. Phytochemical composition aligns with traditional uses, and the prevalence of alkaloids supports reported medicinal applications. Low phenolic content suggests antioxidant effects, while flavonoids may contribute to anti-inflammatory properties. Saponins and tannins indicate potential for antimicrobial and purgative use. The study affirms the safety of the methanol leaf extract. Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the medicinal potential of Cassia sieberiana. The significant alkaloid content, diverse bioactive compounds and demonstrated safety in LD50 determination support its traditional uses. These findings lay a robust foundation for further exploration of Cassia sieberiana in drug development and healthcare applications.