Urbanization without Belonging: Land Tenure Insecurity among Migrants in Ghana

Abstract

Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa has accelerated dramatically, with urban populations projected to reach 50% by 2030, yet this growth has exacerbated land tenure insecurity, particularly for migrants. This mixed-methods study examines the intersection of urbanization and land tenure insecurity for Ghanaian migrants, combining a systematic review of literature with fieldwork in Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale. The findings reveal how discriminatory practices, bureaucratic barriers, and corruption in both customary and statutory land systems force migrants into informal settlements, perpetuating marginalization despite cities' economic opportunities. Qualitative data highlight migrant survival strategies, such as informal rentals and community networks, which challenge conventional policy approaches. The study underscores the urgent need for hybrid governance models, settlement regularization, and anti-corruption measures to foster inclusive urban development. By linking macro-policy with migrant experiences, the research advances equitable urbanization strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa, advocating for tenure reforms that recognize migrants as legitimate urban stakeholders.