Serum Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Assessment

Abstract

Aim: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Micronutrients such as vitamin B12 and folate may influence glucose regulation and insulin response; however, their role in GDM remains unclear, particularly in the Indian context. This study aimed to assess the association between serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations with GDM, while also comparing demographic, biochemical, and clinical profiles of affected versus unaffected women. Type of Study: This study is original Research work. Methods: A total of 200 pregnant participants were enrolled, including 100 with GDM and 100 without. Data on demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, hemoglobin, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0, applying independent t-tests and chi-square tests to evaluate group differences. Boxplots were generated to illustrate variable distributions. Results: No significant differences were observed in folate status between the groups. However, chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between GDM and categorical vitamin B12 levels, history of cesarean delivery, and antenatal supplementation practices. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of monitoring vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and suggest that tailored nutritional interventions may help reduce the risk of developing GDM. Larger longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal relationships and inform preventive strategies.