Optimizing Coconut Fiber-Resin Ratios for Prosthetic Socket Fabrication: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Prosthetic socket fabrication is shifting toward the use of natural fiber-reinforced composites. Coconut fiber, a biodegradable and locally available agro-waste material, has shown promise when combined with resins like epoxy, polyester, and bio-resins to create strong and lightweight prosthetic sockets. This is particularly relevant in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where affordability and accessibility are critical challenges in prosthetic care. This narrative review evaluates current evidence on optimal coconut fiber-resin ratios for prosthetic socket fabrication and explores the mechanical properties, environmental benefits, and practical implications of using coconut fiber composites in resource-limited settings. Findings demonstrate that epoxy resin combined with 20–30% treated coconut fiber provides optimal strength, stiffness, and durability. While bio-resins offer biodegradability, they fall short in mechanical integrity. Coconut fiber-resin composites offer an affordable, sustainable, and biomechanically solution for prosthetic socket fabrication. Their application is particularly impactful in LMICs, supporting local manufacturing, skill development, and health equity.