Aetiology and Outcome of Aki in Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria - A Three (3) Year Review

Abstract

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Information on the aetiology and outcomes of AKI will help to audit practice and advocate for policies that will improve outcome of patients with AKI. This study aims to determine the common aetiologies of AKI and the outcome of patients with AKI treated in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria. Methods: This was a three (3) year retrospective study that involved 104 patients with AKI. The socio-demographic information, aetiology, treatment and outcome of treatment were recorded. Results: The mean age of the study population was 38.1911.25. Common causes of AKI were sepsis, hypovolaemia and obstructive uropathy. Sixty(57.7%) presented in stage 3, 56(53.8%) had haemodialysis, 48(46.2%) were managed conservatively. Twenty six(25%) died, 46(44.2%) fully recovered, 27(26%) partially recovered and 5(4.8%) were referred. Conclusion: Sepsis and hypovolaemia were the commonest causes of AKI. The mortality is high and late presentation is a major contributory factor. Early presentation, treatment and making haemodialysis affordable are key to improving AKI outcomes.