The Gig Economy and Women: Participation Factors and Reproductive Health Impacts

Abstract

Aims: The study aims to analyze the socio-demographic and occupational profile of women engaged in gig work and to assess the impact of gig work conditions on their reproductive health outcomes. Study Design: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in urban Tripura and selected Indian states between June to July 2025. Methodology: A purposive sampling method was used to select 50 women gig workers aged 18–45 years engaged in platform-based, freelance, and informal service work. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables, occupational factors, and reproductive health indicators. Linear regression and Chi-square tests were applied using SPSS to determine associations between gig work conditions, barriers to healthcare, and reproductive health outcomes. Results: Findings reveal significant effects of healthcare access barriers on women’s reproductive health (p < 0.05). Barriers were strongly correlated with menstrual irregularities, reproductive tract infections, and pregnancy-related complications. Stress and inadequate rest showed significant associations with physical strain and reproductive tract infections. Conclusion: The gig economy offers flexible employment but exposes women to serious health vulnerabilities. Lack of formal labor protections, healthcare access, and social security significantly impact women’s reproductive well-being. Policy intervention is crucial to improve healthcare accessibility and labor rights for women gig workers.