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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis Presenting as a Sternal Mass in Paediatric Patient: A Case Report

C. Nasmi, A. Radi, R. Abilkassem, A. Agadr

Asian Journal of Pediatric Research · pp. 18–23 · Published 21 Aug 2023

10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i3273

Abstract

Background: Sternal tuberculosis is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and it can be a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians. Case Presentation: We report the case of a young 14-year-old boy, who had a gradually increasing swelling of the sternum over the past 2 months preceded by weight loss, asthenia and night sweats. Radiological, histological, and microbiological investigations confirmed it as a case of sternal tuberculosis (TB). He was managed with surgical debridement during  the sternal biopsy and quadruple antituberculosis therapy with good response. Discussion: Tuberculosis (TB) of sternum is one of the rarest forms of skeletal tuberculosis. The incidence of sternal tuberculosis has been calculated to be <1.5% amongst osteo-articular tuberculosis, with very few cases reported in infants. The diagnosis is based on histological and bacteriologic arguments. Conclusion: Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the sternum is a rare finding in children. Our aim is to increase awareness around atypical presentations and the uncommon involvement of the sternum in musculoskeletal tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis musculoskelatal sternum swelling osteomyelitis infants

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