School Health Program: Early Detection and Environmental Health Assessment of Children and Adolescents in National Guard Iskan, Alhassa

Abstract

Background: The health and well-being of school students are critical for future generations. In Saudi Arabia, the School Health Program aims to enhance student health through early detection of health issues and evaluation of school environments. This study assessed the general health of students and the quality of school infrastructure in National Guard Iskan Al-Ahsa. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 799 students aged 6–18 years from National Guard Iskan Al-Ahsa schools. Data were collected via questionnaires and direct assessments, focusing on chronic illnesses, vision problems, scoliosis, body mass index (BMI), and school environmental quality (buildings, canteens, and food preparation). Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for analysis via SPSS. Results: Key findings included a 13.8% prevalence of chronic illnesses, 16.8% vision problems, and 1.0% scoliosis among students. BMI distribution revealed 47.8% underweight, 36.9% normal weight, 10.3% overweight and 5.0% obese. Age and gender significantly influenced health outcomes, with higher vaccination rates in females (97.0% vs. 84.9%, p=0.049) and increased vision problems with age (p=0.002). School environments were generally rated excellent, though variability existed in ventilation and playground conditions. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted health interventions and continuous environmental monitoring to align with Saudi Arabia’s National School Health Program goals. Addressing underweight prevalence and vision issues, alongside maintaining high standards in school infrastructure, is essential for promoting student well-being.