Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Toxicological Effects and Histopathological Alterations of Diazinon and Alpha Cypermethrin on Male Albino Rats

Maher A. Hammad, Reem M. Ziada

Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · pp. 1–13 · Published 25 Mar 2019

10.9734/ajrimps/2019/v6i330101

Abstract

Background: In Egypt, risk assessment of pesticides usage and pesticides misuse to protect plants and increase productivity connected with health hazards and pollution problems have been of public interest. Around the world three million acute poisoning cases from pesticide exposure annually report. Aim of study was to investigate the histopathological alterations, biochemical and genotoxicity adverse effects of synthetic insecticides Diazinon (organophosphorus) and alpha cypermethrin (pyrethroid) which are using for agricultural and public health applications on male albino rats. Methods: Twenty one albino rats were detached into control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with Diazinon (DIZ) and Alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYP) at sub-lethal dose (1/10 LD50 36.51 and 1.4 mg/kg body weight, respectively) by oral treatment for consecutively 28-days. The male albino rats in control treatment were put in similar surrounding conditions and treated with 5 ml /Kg tap water. Albino rats were killed after completing exposure of 28-days, liver and brain samples were dissected out for processing and sectioning examinations. Results: The obtained results revealed that both tested insecticides induced oxidative damage as appearance by a significant raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) indicating lipid peroxidation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage indicating genotoxicity in the liver and brain. Besides, increase in GSH level and decline in enzymatic antioxidants (GST, CAT, SOD) activities were observed in liver. Marked increase was noticed in GSH levels and GST activity in brain whereas CAT and SOD antioxidant enzymes activity were significantly reduced. Histopathological studies in brain and liver revealed multiplied focal hepatic necrosis, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and portal infiltration inflammatory cells in the liver. Necrosis of neurons, neuronophagia, focal gliosis and cellular oedema, congestion of cerebral blood vessel were noticed in the brain of exposed rats. Conclusion: The histopathological examination of brain and liver tissues and oxidative damage biomarkers showed adverse effects of DIZ or α-CYP insecticides at the tested dose (1/10 LD50).

Diazinon alpha-cypermethrin albino rats oxidative stress DNA damage histopathology

References (35)

  1. 1 Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction [DOI]
  2. 2 A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells [DOI]
  3. 3 Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase [DOI]
  4. 4 Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury.
  5. 5 DNA Damage and Oxygen Radical Toxicity [DOI]
  6. 6 Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants [DOI]
  7. 7 Biochemistry of oxidative stress [DOI]
  8. 8 Superoxide radical inhibits catalase. [DOI]
  9. 9 Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis: current concepts and controversies [DOI]
  10. 10 Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Animal Function [DOI]
  11. 11 Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase inactivation by peroxides and oxygen derived free radicals [DOI]
  12. 12 Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of human biomonitoring studies [DOI]
  13. 13 Decreased proteolysis caused by protein aggregates, inclusion bodies, plaques, lipofuscin, ceroid, and ‘aggresomes’ during oxidative stress, aging, and disease [DOI]
  14. 14 The Biochemistry and Physiology of S-Nitrosothiols [DOI]
  15. 15 Lipid peroxidative damage on pyrethroid exposure and alterations in antioxidant status in rat erythrocytes: a possible involvement of reactive oxygen species [DOI]
  16. 16 Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial DNA [DOI]
  17. 17 Roles of reactive oxygen species in the corpus luteum [DOI]
  18. 18 Cypermethrin induced damage in genomic DNA and histopathological changes in brain and haematotoxicity in rats: The protective effect of sesame oil [DOI]
  19. 19 In vitro induction of cytotoxicity and DNA strand breaks in CHO cells exposed to cypermethrin, pendimethalin and dichlorvos [DOI]
  20. 20 Increasing intracellular cAMP and cGMP inhibits cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat submandibular saliva [DOI]
  21. 21 Neuronal oxidative injury and dendritic damage induced by carbofuran: Protection by memantine [DOI]
  22. 22 Oxidative damage, hyperlipidemia and histological alterations of cardiac and skeletal muscles induced by different doses of diazinon in female rats [DOI]
  23. 23 Protection by Pentoxifylline of Diazinon-Induced Toxic Stress in Rat Liver and Muscle [DOI]
  24. 24 Pesticides Induced Oxidative Stress In Mammalian Systems: A Review
  25. 25 Protective effects of garlic extract and vitamin C against in vivo cypermethrin-induced cytogenetic damage in rat bone-marrow [DOI]
  26. 26 Pesticides and metals induced Parkinson's disease: involvement of free radicals and oxidative stress.
  27. 27 Role of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon in prevention of carbofuran- induced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rat brain.
  28. 28 Effects of oral exposure to diazinon on mice liver and kidney tissues: biometric analyses of histopathologic changes.
  29. 29 Chromatin Modifications Associated with DNA Double-strand Breaks Repair as Potential Targets for Neurological Diseases [DOI]
  30. 30 Cypermethrin induced biochemical alterations in the blood of albino rats.
  31. 31 Evaluation of developmental toxicity induced by anticholinesterase insecticide, diazinon in female rats [DOI]
  32. 32 Cytochrome P-450 involvement in the NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria [DOI]
  33. 33 Assessment of DNA degradation in lymphocytes of albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) under lambda cyhalothrin stress.
  34. 34 Effects of concentrated drinking water injection on glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes in liver of Cyprinus carpio L. [DOI]
  35. 35 Role of muscle fasciculations in the generation of myopathies in mammalian skeletal muscle [DOI]

Cited by 6

Evaluation of the divergent effects of pyrethroid- and D-allethrin-based coil fumes in male Wistar rats

Jelili Abiodun Badmus, John Olabode Fatoki, Adebayo Lawrence Adedeji · Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology · 2025

Evaluation of Toxic Effects Induced by Sub-Acute Exposure to Low Doses of α-Cypermethrin in Adult Male Rats

Vilena Kašuba, Blanka Tariba Lovaković, Ana Lucić Vrdoljak · Toxics · 2022

Showing 2 of 6 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

31

Page views

0

PDF downloads

4

Outbound clicks

6

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.