Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Toxicity of Azadirachta indica Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Adult Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich Strain)

Okoye Clifford Tochukwu, Etuh Monday Alexander, Jacob Mekidani Salu

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology · pp. 12–23 · Published 19 May 2021

10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i430208

Abstract

Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the toxic effect of A. indica hydroethanolic leaf extracts in D. melanogaster (fruit flies) by carrying out a survival study, locomotor, fecundity and biochemical assays. Place of study: This study was carried out in the Drosophila laboratory of Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos. Methods: Extraction of A. indica extract was carried using hydroethanolic solvent (70:30 v/v ethanol: water). Flies were treated with 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg and 5000 mg A. indica hydroethanolic leaf extracts per 10 g fly food for 7 days, to determine the lethal concentration (LC50). The survival assay was carried out for 28 days by treating flies with 5 mg, 10 mg, and 25 mg/10 g fly food of the extract. Young flies were treated with several concentrations of the extract for 7 days, to determine the effect of the extract on the fecundity and locomotion. Thereafter, flies exposed to the extracts for 7 days were immobilized, weighed, homogenized, and centrifuged. The supernatant was used to assay for acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities. The experiment was replicated 3 times and data was presented as mean ± SEM with statistical value at “P < 0.05” considered significant. Results: The percentage yield was calculated to be 12.7 % and the phytochemicals present in A. indica hydroethanolic leaf extract included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenols, and glycosides. The LC50 was determined to be 1499 mg/10 g diet and the result showed a dose-dependent significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the survival of the flies, when compared to the control group. Further results showed a non-significant decrease (P > 0.05) in the fecundity, as well as the locomotor, acetylcholinesterase, and catalase activities of the flies, compared to the control. Conclusion: This study concludes that A. indica hydroethanolic leaf extract, at certain concentrations, may not be safe for consumption as it showed some level of toxicity in D. melanogaster.

Toxicity Azadirachta indica Drosophila melanogaster hydroethanolic leaf extract

References (44)

  1. 1 A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity [DOI]
  2. 2 [13] Catalase in vitro [DOI]
  3. 3 Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health [DOI]
  4. 4 Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases [DOI]
  5. 5 Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology [DOI]
  6. 6 Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa [DOI]
  7. 7 Using FlyAtlas to identify better Drosophila melanogaster models of human disease [DOI]
  8. 8 Structures of Human Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Pharmacologically Important Ligands [DOI]
  9. 9 Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems [DOI]
  10. 10 Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties [DOI]
  11. 11 Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment [DOI]
  12. 12 Medicinal Properties of Neem Leaves: A Review [DOI]
  13. 13 Traditional use and safety of herbal medicines1 [DOI]
  14. 14 Alkaloids as Important Scaffolds in Therapeutic Drugs for the Treatments of Cancer, Tuberculosis, and Smoking Cessation [DOI]
  15. 15 Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Vicia faba: A Pilot Study on the Environmental Monitoring of Nanoparticles [DOI]
  16. 16 Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to study nanotoxicity [DOI]
  17. 17 Neuroprotective efficacy of Bacopa monnieri against rotenone induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster [DOI]
  18. 18 Involvement of oxidative stress in 4-vinylcyclohexene-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster [DOI]
  19. 19 Biological activities of different neem leaf crude extracts used locally in Ayurvedic medicine [DOI]
  20. 20 Phytochemical and Biochemical Characterizations from Leaf Extracts from Azadirachta Indica: An Important Medicinal Plant [DOI]
  21. 21 Reducing the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Research: Problems and Possible Solutions [DOI]
  22. 22 Organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan induced cellular and organismal response in Drosophila melanogaster [DOI]
  23. 23 Role of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves in an experimental model of Alzheimer′s disease in rats [DOI]
  24. 24 Toxic Effects as a Result of Herbal Medicine Intake [DOI]
  25. 25 Testicular toxicity in cannabis extract treated mice: association with oxidative stress and role of antioxidant enzyme systems [DOI]
  26. 26 Botanical extracts of plants from the Brazilian Cerrado for the integrated management of Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in stored grain [DOI]
  27. 27 Toxicity of secondary metabolites [DOI]
  28. 28 Interactions Between Chronic Stress and Chronic Consumption of Caffeine on the Enzymatic Antioxidant System [DOI]
  29. 29 Toxicity, Phytochemical Composition, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Some Indigenous Weed Plant Extracts in Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster [DOI]
  30. 30 Antifertility effects of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) oil by single intrauterine administration:a novel method for contraception [DOI]
  31. 31 A Drosophila systems model of pentylenetetrazole induced locomotor plasticity responsive to antiepileptic drugs [DOI]
  32. 32 Potential Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Plant Extracts [DOI]
  33. 33 Male antifertility activity of Azadirachta Indica in mice.
  34. 34 Salivary acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker for organophosphate exposure [DOI]
  35. 35 Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Alters Sperm Parameters and Testicular Antioxidant Status in Diet-Induced Obese Rats [DOI]
  36. 36 Herbal drug toxicity and safety evaluation of traditional medicines.
  37. 37 Toxicity and Beneficial Effects of Some African Plants on the Reproductive System [DOI]
  38. 38 Oxidant effects and toxicity ofCroton campestrisinDrosophila melanogaster [DOI]
  39. 39 Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Water Extract of Azadirachta indica Leaves and Seeds in Rats [DOI]
  40. 40 Median lethal dose and sub-chronic toxicity profile of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf hexane and ethyl acetate fractionated extracts on albino rats [DOI]
  41. 41 Male antifertility activity of Azadirachta Indica in mice.
  42. 42 International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology [DOI]
  43. 43 Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology
  44. 44 Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents [DOI]

Cited by 4

Neuroprotective Activity Guided Fractionation of Tridax procumbence in Zebra Fish and Fruit Fly Model

Swati R. Dhande, Nilima Pansare · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · 2024

Plant bioactives, genes, and longevi

Manisekaran Hemagirri, Shanmugapriya, Yeng Chen · Plant Bioactives as Natural Panacea Against Age-Induced Diseases · 2023

Showing 2 of 4 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

8

Page views

0

PDF downloads

0

Outbound clicks

4

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.