The Techniques Used in Mitosis Detection in Breast Cancer Histopathology Images: A Survey

Abstract

Breast cancer consider as the second cause of death around the world after heart disease, and it is the primary cause of death for women. Timely detection of breast cancer plays a crucial role in lowering mortality rates, as it enhances the patient's prospects of survival through prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The discovery of the mitotic number is one of the necessary procedures that must be performed for a person suffering from breast cancer because it is an important marker for determining the aggressiveness of the tumor. According to the Nottingham scale, it gives 3 degrees to determine the degree of the tumor, whether it is of the first degree, the second degree, or the third degree of seriousness. Deep learning algorithms have many contributions in the medical fields, including in the field of mitotic number discovery, as the mitotic number process is a difficult and tiring task that requires time and effort from pathologists (diagnostic doctors), because the work environment is under microscopes with high magnification degrees, for this reason deep learning techniques were used to reduce the burden on diagnostic doctors and save time for the patient to know the result of his examination, as the biopsy results in developed countries take from 10 days to two weeks for the results to appear. In this survey, we will evaluate the deep learning techniqus employed for mitotic number detection.