The Science of Bloom: A Review on Exploring the Photoperiod Responsive Flowering Pathway

Abstract

Different plant species have evolved distinct needs for endogenous and external stimuli to trigger flowering. These disparate requirements were initially believed to be the result of various molecular pathways. Cultivars must precisely modify flowering times based on local photoperiod and environmental factors to guarantee that crops sustain excellent yields in a variety of latitudes. The molecular mechanisms by which phytochromes regulate photoperiodic blooming are not entirely known, despite the fact that they have been proven to be involved in photoperiodic flowering in numerous plants. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms differ between species, phytochromes play a critical role in controlling flowering in many plants. Surprisingly, a large number of photoperiod-affected processes use comparable gene networks to adapt to variations in the duration of light/dark cycles. In this review, we have concentrated on photoperiod-influenced developmental processes that have similar gene regulation networks.