Technologies for Remediation of Heavy Metals in Environment and Ecosystem: A Critical Overview of Comparison Study

Abstract

Ecosystem contamination is a global issue that is directly related to the advancement of contemporary society. Human health and the natural environment are affected that’s why heavy metal contamination of the environment is currently a serious environmental issue that affects the ecosystem. Heavy metal pollution receives special attention because it frequently presents the greatest remedial challenges. Certain technologies, usually based on physical, thermal, chemical as well as biological processes have long been used to eliminate heavy metals from polluted environments to a level that is safe and acceptable. The kind and characteristics of the heavy metals, the level of pollution and the combination of contaminants in the environment all have a significant impact on how effective these techniques are. The environment is also at risk from a few conventional technologies. Thus, research and development are needed for effective environmentally friendly methods that are based on natural materials or ecosystems. With a focus on novel approaches to remediation techniques, this review manuscript will give an overview of recent exploration and research, attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of remediation and advancements in decontamination technologies that can be applied to eliminate heavy metals from ecosystems. A summary of the causes, consequences and technologies for cleanup are provided for heavy metals.