Food Insecurity and Mental Health Outcomes among Low Income Households in Southeast Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Empirical Study

Abstract

Food insecurity is an escalating concern among low-income households in Southeast Nigeria, with growing recognition of its implications for mental health. This study investigated the relationship between food insecurity and mental health outcomes, focusing on conditions such as depression, anxiety, and psychological distress within economically disadvantaged communities. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study collected data from 600 respondents across urban and rural areas in the five southeastern states. Quantitative data were obtained using structured questionnaires and standardized mental health instruments, including the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, while qualitative insights were gathered through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS and STATA, utilizing descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine the strength and nature of associations between food insecurity and mental health indicators. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was also conducted using NVivo to enrich and contextualize the statistical findings. The study aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on the intersection of nutrition and psychological well-being in low-resource settings. It emphasized the importance of integrating food security and mental health strategies in policy and community interventions. Recommendations reached were directed at policymakers, healthcare providers, and development agencies to implement holistic approaches, including food support programs, mental health services integration, public-private partnerships to improve food access, and income-generating initiatives to enhance household resilience.