Synthesis and Characterization of Crab Shell Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Remediation of Abattoir Waste Waters

Abstract

Meat and beef consumption rate in Nigeria has recorded increment leading to increase in abattoirs and lack of control in discarding the waste of the slaughtered animals has heightened the rate of ground water, air and environmental pollutions. In this paper, crab shell based magnetic Nanoparticles were utilized in the purification of waste water from abattoir. The factors considered in the purification process were pH, dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time and the response includes: bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and colour. Prior to the experimentation in the laboratory, the central composite design (CCD) of the experimental design was carried to determine the number of levels and the possible number of experimental runs during laboratory experiment. The outcome of the laboratory was used for the response surface methodology (RSM) of which linear and interaction model ware utilized in the determination of the relation between the factors and the responses and the model type was multiple input single output model system (all the factors equated to one response per time). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables was utilized in the determination of the model performance for each response to determine the best model suitable for the prediction of the responses. From the results obtained, the R-square values from the ANOVA table showed that the interaction model had a better prediction accuracy of 65.75%, 33.65%, 60.73% and 59.74% for the prediction of BOD, COD, turbidity and colour responses, respectively. The interaction model being the best was deployed for the generation of surface and contour plots to graphically obtain the optimal responses and factors that was utilized as a first guess to the optimization of the model and the final optimal response values obtained were 4.33mg/l, 128.9mg/l, 39.87% and 33.41% for BOD, COD, turbidity and colour, respectively at the optimal factor conditions of 5.5, 0.68g, 260mg/l, 335k and 50min for pH, dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time, respectively.