Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Synergistic Effects of Wood Ash and Essential Oil on Fecundity, Pupal Eclosion and Adult Mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Cowpea Seed Weevil

Akami Mazarin, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine, Changying Niu, Frederic Vencl Vincent

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International · pp. 1–12 · Published 26 Mar 2016

10.9734/AJEA/2016/25306

Abstract

Aims: The use of residual synthetic chemicals, although effective against stored product pests, has led to environmental degradation. However, the risk of target pests developing resistance to insecticides in addition to the high costs of synthetic insecticides has pushed researchers to find alternative control methods. Plant-based insecticides represent a suitable alternative control method because they are less toxic to non-target organisms and biodegradable. The present study investigates the potency of essential oil and wood ashes in the control of the stored product pest Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Study Design: Bioassays were performed in glass jars. Insect rearing, oil extraction and wood ash preparation were done according to an established protocol. For each treatment, a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of biology of the Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon from February 2013 to February 2014. Methodology: Wood ash from two different plants and essential oil were used. We evaluated the single effects of our products before combining each wood ash at 0.4, 2, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg with the essential oil of Lippia adoensis at the rate of 0.05 mL/kg on different fitness parameters of C. maculatus. Data on insect mortality rate and adult emergence were assessed. Results: In single applications, the susceptibility of C. maculatus was significantly (P = .05) higher to essential oil than wood ash with LC50 values of 2.64 mL/kg and 139.64 g/kg, respectively after the first day exposure. The essential oil was also more effective in reducing egg laying and adult emergence. However, the combination of wood ash and essential oil caused 98.69±1.32% mortality within six days of exposure, compared to 73.53±3.80% for wood ash and 77.44±2.91% for essential oil. The co-toxicity coefficients of the combination of the two substances for mortality (275.9), fecundity (562.61) and fertility (438.92) were higher than 120, suggesting a significant essential oil-ash synergistic interaction. Conclusion: Essential oil was the most toxic in single applications for all treatments. But when applied in combination, a lowest dose of wood ash (0.8 mL/kg) instead of 40 g/kg was able to kill 98.69±1.32% of adults. Therefore, combining essential oil with wood ash could significantly (P = .05) improve on the efficacy of controlling C. maculatus in storage facilities. Knowledge gained from this study could be exploited by low income farmers as it could provide a cost effective strategy for crop storage without the use of enormous quantities of wood ash.

Callosobruchus maculatus Vigna unguiculata essential oil wood ash co-toxicity synergism

References (35)

  1. 1 Biostatistical Analysis [DOI]
  2. 2 A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide [DOI]
  3. 3 Statistical Method in Biological Assay. [DOI]
  4. 4 Pesticide Bioassays With Arthropods
  5. 5 Cowpea Research, Production, and Utilization
  6. 6 Plant-insect coevolution and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase [DOI]
  7. 7 Effects of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) W. Watson essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger [DOI]
  8. 8 Toxicity and antifeedant activities of cinnamaldehyde against the grain storage insects, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. [DOI]
  9. 9 Persistent toxic chemicals in the US food supply* [DOI]
  10. 10 Tropical forage legumes
  11. 11 Biological activity of 1,8 cineole, a major component of essential oil of Ocimum kenyense (Ayobangira) against stored product beetles [DOI]
  12. 12 Response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) to extracts of cashew kernels [DOI]
  13. 13 Evaluation of Aphanamixis polystachya as a source of repellents, antifeedants, toxicants and protectants in storage against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) [DOI]
  14. 14 FUTURE OF BOTANICAL PESTICIDES IN RICE, WHEAT, PULSES AND VEGETABLES PEST MANAGEMENT [DOI]
  15. 15 Laboratory evaluation of four medicinal plants as protectants against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Mots) [DOI]
  16. 16 Toxicity of some plant powders to maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (motschulsky) [Coleoptera: Curculiondae] on stored wheat grains (Triticum aestivum) [DOI]
  17. 17 Control of Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus Maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), Using Natural Plant Products [DOI]
  18. 18 Evaluation of the efficacy of protectants against cowpea bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)) on cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) [DOI]
  19. 19 Controlling bruchid pests of stored cowpea seeds with dried leaves of Artemisia annua and two other common botanicals [DOI]
  20. 20 Comparative efficacy of NeemAzal and local botanicals derived from Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus glandulosus against Sitophilus zeamais on maize [DOI]
  21. 21 Potential of four vegetable oils and ten botanical powders for reducing infestation of cowpeas by Callosobruchus maculatus, C. chinesis and C. rhodesianus [DOI]
  22. 22 Bioactivity of fenchone and Plectranthus glandulosus oil against Prostephanus truncatus and two strains of Sitophilus zeamais [DOI]
  23. 23 Activité biologique des poudres de cinq plantes et de l'huile essentielle d'une d'entre elles sur Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) [DOI]
  24. 24 Technical Appraisal of Grain Storage Systems in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna
  25. 25 Assessment of the insecticidal properties of some plant extracts as grain protectants against maize weevil. Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky [DOI]
  26. 26 Piscicidal activity of alcoholic extract of Nerium indicum leaf and their biochemical stress response on fish metabolism [DOI]
  27. 27 Resistance of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) to pirimiphos methyl in three zones in Nigeria.
  28. 28 Relation of lipid adsorptivity of powders to their suitability as insecticide diluents [DOI]
  29. 29 Efficacy of diatomaceous earth and botanical powders against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize [DOI]
  30. 30 Pre-harvest spray of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed products and pirimiphos-methyl as a method of reducing field infestation of cowpeas by storage bruchids in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna.
  31. 31 Insecticidal efficacy of Azadirachta indica powders from sun- and shade-dried seeds against Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus
  32. 32 Agricultures des savanes du Nord-Cameroun, vers un développement solidaire des savanes d'Afrique centrale : actes de l'atelier d'échange, 25-29 novembre 1996, Garoua, Cameroun
  33. 33 Effects of Three Plant Powders on Behaviour, Mortality and Reproductive Fitness of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)(Coleopteria: Bruchidae)
  34. 34 Toxicity of prirmiphos-methyl and three essential oils, alone and in combination against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [DOI]
  35. 35 The development and field infestation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize in the western highlands of Cameroon

Cited by 12

The Insecticidal Activity of Neem and Palm Kernel Oils on Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) Infestations of Stored Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Esther Rita Gever, Bonaventure C. Echezona · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · 2023

Comparative expression of two detoxification genes by Callosobruchus maculatus in response to dichlorvos and Lippia adoensis essential oil treatments

Mazarin Akami, Nicolas Y. Njintang, Olajire Gbaye · Journal of Pest Science · 2019

Essential oil optimizes the susceptibility of Callosobruchus maculatus and enhances the nutritional qualities of stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata

Mazarin Akami, Hamada Chakira, Awawing A. Andongma · Royal Society Open Science · 2017

Showing 3 of 12 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

20

Page views

0

PDF downloads

1

Outbound clicks

12

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.