Synergistic Effects of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) and 3G Cutting on Enhancing Productivity in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Abstract

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivation faces challenges in optimizing yield and seed production due to its inherent flowering behavior. This study synthesizes existing research on the individual and potential combined effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and the 3G cutting technique on the growth, yield, and seed quality of bitter gourd. PGRs like Gibberellic Acid (GA3), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Ethrel and Cycocel (CCC) have demonstrated the ability to manipulate vegetative growth, flowering time, and sex expression, often increasing female flower production and fruit yield. The 3G cutting technique, a pruning method that encourages tertiary branching, similarly promotes female flower development and enhances yield. While research on their combined application in bitter gourd is limited, evidence from other cucurbits suggests a potential for synergistic effects, particularly in promoting femaleness and improving fruit set. Strategic integration of 3G cutting with the timely application of specific PGRs at appropriate concentrations holds promise for significantly boosting bitter gourd productivity. Future research should focus on determining optimal PGR-3G cutting protocols and their impact on seed production and quality to provide evidence-based recommendations for growers.