Study of Antioxidant Activity of Stalk and Fruit of Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae)

Abstract

Background : Nowadays with the appearance of diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, free radicals are often singled out. What motivates scientific research in natural antioxidants. Aim/Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the stalks and the fruit of Solanum melongena L. Study Duration : The period of the study was done on 25th July, 2015 at the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine, Pharmacy and Odontology, University of Dakar, Senegal. Methodology : Antioxidant activity was evaluated through two methods (DPPH and FRAP). Results : For the FRAP test, at the highest concentration (83.3 µg/ml) the aqueous extract of the fruit (0.90±0.08) has a higher reducing power compared to those of ethanol extracts from the fruit (0.77±0.41) and the stalk (0.85±0.004). These results remain inferior to that of tannic acid (0.95± 0.0005). The DPPH test reveals that the ethanolic extract of the fruit is more effective in reducing the free radical DPPH with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50) equal to 3.37±0.03 μg / ml, followed by the ethanolic extract of the stalks (IC 50 = 4.46±0.24 μg / ml) and finally the aqueous extract of the fruit (IC50 = 9.6±0.026 μg / ml). Conclusion : These results make it possible to confirm the in vitro activity of the parts studied, but in vivo studies are necessary in order to know the acute and chronic toxicities. Finally, perform a bio-guided fractionation to determine the molecules responsible for the antioxidant activity.