Studies on Yellow Mosaic Virus of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and Its Eco-friendly Management

Abstract

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), commonly referred to as greengram, greenbean, mashbean, goldengram, or green soy, is one of the most important short-duration pulse crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It originates from India or the Indo-Burma region and is the third most important short-duration grain legume after chickpea and pigeon pea. The present investigation was conducted during the Kharif season of 2024–25 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, to develop an eco-friendly management strategy for Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) in mungbean. A total of nine botanical extracts were used as treatments, replicated thrice, and evaluated using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). A field survey across Bundelkhand, Uttar Pradesh, revealed the highest MYMV incidence in Moth tehsil (41.85%), peaking at 48.60% in Chirgav, followed by Rajapur (36.88%) and Talbehat (32.86%). Lower incidences were recorded in Atarra (30.38%) and Maudaha (29.98%), highlighting significant spatial variation and the serious threat posed by MYMV in the region. Ginger extract (T3) produced the tallest plants at 30 DAS (30.20 cm), while Neem oil (T1) led in plant height at 45 DAS (32.53 cm) and had the highest number of leaves at both 30 and 45 DAS (19.00 and 20.17, respectively). Treatments like Aloe vera (T6) and Ginger (T3) also promoted better vegetative growth. Neem oil @ 3% (T1) was the most effective treatment in disease management, reducing MYMV incidence to 12.00% at 30 DAS and 11.00% at 45 DAS. Marigold (T5) and Ginger (T3) provided moderate control, with incidence reduced to 19.30% and 21.00% at 30 DAS, and 20.40% and 23.40% at 45 DAS, respectively. Poor results were recorded in the Control (T0) at 43.40% and Aloe vera (T6) at 35.40% at 45 DAS. Application of 5% botanical foliar sprays significantly boosted mungbean yield, with Neem oil (T1) achieving the highest yield of 584 kg/ha (71.76% increase) compared to the control (340 kg/ha). Dhatura, Garlic, and Aloe vera also showed notable improvements, while Turmeric recorded the lowest gain with a yield of 366.67 kg/ha (7.84%). Cost-benefit analysis revealed that Dhatura (5.77:1), Marigold (5.64:1), and Neem oil (5.63:1) treatments offered the highest economic returns. Garlic, Ginger, Chilli, and Turmeric showed moderate CBRs ranging from 3.17:1 to 4.62:1, while Aloe vera gave the lowest return (2.75:1), and the control plot yielded the least profitability.