Species Richness and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna and Mammals in Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar, India

Abstract

This study assessed the diversity of herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) and mammals within Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar, India, evaluating their conservation status and ecological roles. A 15-day survey was conducted in March and April 2025, observing animals directly, using camera traps, and checking for signs like footprints. Five amphibian species, 25 reptile species, and 13 mammal species were identified. Critical analysis revealed significant taxonomic inaccuracies in the primary source, including the erroneous listing of species endemic to other continents. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices, and India’s Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, although many species are globally classified as 'Least Concern,' several face significant regional threats. Notable threatened species include the Endangered Ganges Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) and Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle (Chitra indica), and Vulnerable species such as the Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), Indian Flapshell Turtle (Lissemys punctata), and Spotted Pond Turtle (Geoclemys hamiltonii). This paper highlights the ecological contributions of these species and emphasizes the limitations of relying solely on global conservation status for localized management. It advocates integrated conservation strategies addressing human-wildlife coexistence, anti-poaching measures, and continuous and accurate monitoring.