Socio-economic Profile and Farming Characteristics of Mushroom Growers in Jorhat District of Assam, India

Abstract

Mushroom farming is becoming a lucrative agricultural enterprise that contributes to nutritional security, income generation, and the diversification of rural livelihoods. Understanding the socio-economic characteristics of mushroom cultivators is crucial for developing effective extension strategies and promoting sustainable mushroom production. This study was conducted in Jorhat district, Assam, to assess the socio-economic background and farming characteristics of farmers involved in mushroom cultivation. A descriptive research approach was utilised, and primary data were collected from 60 mushroom growers using a structured interview schedule. Participants were selected through snowball sampling. The study examined demographic, socio-economic, agricultural, and institutional characteristics, including age, education, occupation, land ownership, mass media exposure, extension contact, organisational membership, and experience in mushroom cultivation. The results showed that most participants were young to middle-aged males, were married, and belonged to nuclear families. Most respondents relied primarily on agriculture, owned limited land, and had a moderate level of exposure to mass media and extension services. A substantial proportion of farmers had cultivated mushrooms more than once; however, two-thirds expressed reluctance to continue mushroom production because of challenges related to input availability, marketing, post-harvest management, and inadequate infrastructure. The study emphasises the need for improved technical support, timely input provision, market linkages, and training programmes to enhance the sustainability and profitability of mushroom farming in Assam. The findings provide useful information for policymakers, extension services, and development organisations in designing strategies to strengthen mushroom-based rural enterprises.