Phytochemical Profile and Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Leaf Extract of Anacardium occidentale: A GC-MS Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the phytochemical composition of the aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (cashew tree) using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The aqueous extraction yielded a crude leaf extract rich in bioactive compounds. Major compounds identified include γ-Terpinene (13.62%), known for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and Securinine (2.08%), which exhibits anticancer and antiviral effects. Additionally, dl-α-Tocopherol (5.6%), a potent antioxidant, was found. Other notable compounds, such as 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (6.53%), demonstrated strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while Naphthalene (1.78%) exhibited antimicrobial activity. These compounds, among others identified in the extract, suggest that Anacardium occidentale leaves have a rich phytochemical profile with significant medicinal properties. The results underscore the plant’s potential for treating oxidative stress-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and bacterial infections. This research highlights the therapeutic promise of Anacardium occidentale and emphasizes the need for further studies on the synergistic effects of these compounds. These findings could serve as a foundation for developing new, plant-based therapeutic agents for managing chronic diseases and infections.