Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Response to Delayed Applications of Preemergence Herbicides Applied 3 or 6 Day after Emergence

Abstract

Aims: Field studies were conducted to determine sesame response to the pre-emergence herbicides (acetochlor at 1.7 kg ai ha-1; S-metolachlor at 0.72, 1.43, and 2.86 kg ai ha-1; dimethenamid-P at 0.84 kg ai ha-1; pethoxamid at 0.22 kg ai ha-1; pyroxasulfone at 0.09 kg ai ha-1and bicyclopyrone at 0.12 and 0.24 kg ai ha-1) applied 3 or 6 days after 50% emergence. Study Design:  Randomized complete block design with 3-4 reps depending on location. Place and Duration of Study: Sesame growing areas of Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas during the 2016 through 2018 growing seasons. Methodology: Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of herbicide treatments at two early POST application timings. A non-treated control was included for comparison. Crop oil concentrate (Agridex®, Helena, Collierville, TN 38017) at 1.0% v/v was added to all herbicide treatments. Plot size was either five rows (76 cm apart) by 9.1 m or four rows (101 cm apart) by 7.3 m depending on location. Only the two middle rows were sprayed and the other rows were untreated and served as buffers. Sesame cultivars were seeded approximately 1.0 to 2.0 cm deep at 9 kg/ha at all locations. Injury was evaluated early-season, 7 to 27 days after herbicide application (DAA), and later, 28 to 147 DAA, based on a scale of 0 (no sesame injury) to 100 (complete sesame death). Injury consisted of stuntingand leaf chlorosis and/or necrosis. Results: All herbicides tested resulted in significant injury to sesame at some location and application timing. None of the herbicides evaluated are safe to use early POST on sesame without causing significant injury.  Conclusion: The ability of sesame to recover from significant injury and compensate for injury led to no yield loss in many instances. However, levels of injury observed are not acceptable by growers and will not allow the use of these herbicides soon after sesame emergence.