Seed and Seedling Quality Coupled with Biochemical Perceptions: Paving the Way for Improved Yield and Stress Resilience in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Abstract

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the seed and seedling quality traits alongside key biochemical parameters in diverse mungbean genotypes to identify promising lines with superior germination potential, early seedling vigour, and biochemical resilience. The ultimate goal is to associate these physiological and biochemical traits with improved yield potential and stress tolerance, thereby contributing to the development of robust mungbean cultivars suited for diverse agro-ecological conditions. Study Design: The laboratory experiment was laid in a CRD design with three replications. Place and duration of Study: The laboratory experiment was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Methodology: The seed physiological parameters such as germination percentage (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), Seedling length (cm), Seedling fresh weight (g), Seedling dry weight (g), Seed vigour index-I (SV-I), Seed vigour index-II (SV-II), Speed of germination (SOG) and Mean germination time (MGT) and biochemical parameters such as total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, total phenol content were estimated using the standard procedure. Results: Significant genotypic variation was observed across 14 mungbean genotypes for seed quality parameters. ML-2479 exhibited the highest germination percentage and seed vigour index-I, while IPM-410-3 had the highest seedling fresh weight and vigour index-II. OKGG-9 (F5) showed consistently good performance across multiple parameters including seedling length, dry weight, and both vigour indices. Faster germination (low MGT) was seen in IPM-410-3 and ML-1808, which is desirable for early establishment. Biochemical analysis revealed that LGG-460 had the highest protein and sugar content, whereas V-02-709 had the highest phenol content. Variation in phenol, sugar, and protein content among genotypes also points toward diverse nutritional and defensive capacities. Conclusion: The study revealed a wide range of genetic variability among mungbean genotypes for both physiological and biochemical traits. Genotypes such as ML-2479, IPM-410-3, ML-1808, and OKGG-9 (F5) emerged as superior in seed vigour and early seedling growth, making them suitable for cultivation and breeding for high early vigour. Overall, the integration of seed quality and biochemical data provides a strong foundation for identifying mungbean genotypes with enhanced yield potential, stress resilience, and resistance to storage pests. These insights can inform targeted breeding programs and improve mungbean productivity under diverse agro-ecological conditions.