Seasonal Occurrence and Human-otter Conflict of Lutra perspicillata in the Wetlands of Navsari, Gujarat, India: towards a Community-based Conservation Strategy

Abstract

In the Navsari region, information on the occurrence and distribution of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) is largely anecdotal and lacks systematic scientific assessment.  Average 6-8 no. smooth-coated otters (Lutra perspicillata) population was recorded at Nani Kakrad (Lat 20.8621777° N, Long 72.851121° E), Hansapore Lake (Lat 20.9068° N, Long 72.9213° E), and the Cauvery riverbank (Lat 21.2350263° N, Long 72.818565° E) at Billimora in Navsari district, Gujarat, India. Evidence of otter presence-including group sightings, spraints (scat), footprints, and dens or burrows-has frequently been reported by local residents in these areas. A May-2025 to Oct-2025, six-month study was conducted to assess the occurrence and distribution of smooth-coated otters using camera trapping techniques across Nani Kakrad, Hansapore Lake, and the Cauvery riverbank at Billimora (every site where 2-3 camera set) are objective of this study. Seasonal observations indicated the presence of otters throughout the year. The Nani Kakrad wetland and the Cauvery riverbank showed higher observation frequencies during the monsoon season, whereas otter activity at Hansapore Lake was more prominent during the summer season. Smooth-coated otter documented dietary analyses based on survey further indicate the consumption of crustaceans (crabs and prawns), reptiles (particularly water snakes), amphibians, and occasionally small birds and mammals. Reported variation in diet composition is associated with habitat type and seasonal fluctuations in prey availability. Local fishermen in these regions rely primarily on fish and shellfish for their livelihoods, which also constitute a significant component of the otters’ natural diet. Meetings were conducted with local fish farmers to obtain relevant information regarding fish farming practices and to understand the nature of conflicts between otters and aquaculture operations. his overlap in resource use has led to human–otter conflict, as fishermen experience economic losses due to net damage and reduced fish catch resulting from otter predation. The conflict appears to stem largely from limited awareness and understanding of the ecological role of otters. Objective of this work is occurrence of smooth-coated otter in Navsari district and improving fishermen’s perceptions of otters and promoting community participation in conservation initiatives are essential for mitigating conflict and ensuring the long-term conservation of smooth-coated otters in the region.