Sanity and Germination of Treated with Clove Extract Jurema-Preta and Faveleira Seeds

Abstract

The Mimosa tenuiflora (jurema-preta) and Cnidoscolus quercifolius (faveleira) are quite common species in the Caatinga biome, being used from forage production to energy generation and in the recovery of degraded areas for reforestation purposes, among other uses. Considering the need and importance of studies related to forest seeds health, especially native seeds and taking into account the scarcity of studies in the literature regarding the association of pathogens to the seeds of the species studied, this work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the hydroalcoholic extract of clove on germination and incidence of fungi associated with seeds of jurema-preta and faveleira. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Center of Health and Rural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brasil. For the germination test we performed the dormancy breaking of seeds that were then treated with clove plant extract, and as substrate, washed and sterilized sand was used. Germination percentage and Twinning speed index (SVI) were evaluated. The sanity test was performed using the filter paper method "Blotter Test" for the development of microorganisms. The treatments consisted of: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of clove extract, with 4 repetitions of 25 seeds. The design used was entirely randomized and the means were compared using Tukey's test at 5% probability. The clove extract, in higher concentrations, provided an increase in germination and SVI of the species. It was identified in the seeds of jurema-preta, the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucous, Rhizopus sp, the genus Phoma sp. In the seeds of C. quercifolius the microflorea was composed by fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucous, Rhizopus sp, Aspergillus alutaceous and Aspergillus candidus.