Tamarindus indica Leaf Extract as a Natural Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and CNS Depressant: Experimental Evidence in Mice

Abstract

Background: Leaves of Tamarindus indica have long been used in traditional medicine for managing pain, inflammation, and nervous system disorders. This study aimed to scientifically assess these properties using experimental models in mice. Methods: The aqueous leaf extract of T. indica was tested at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing method. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed through carrageenan-induced paw edema. CNS depressant activity was measured using the Open Field and Hole Cross tests, analyzing changes in locomotion and exploration. Results: The extract significantly reduced pain behaviors in a dose-dependent manner, with 100 mg/kg showing 77.94% inhibition of writhing, comparable to the standard drug (83.33%). Anti-inflammatory effects were also dose- and time-dependent, with notable reductions in paw swelling at both doses, especially at later stages. In behavioral tests, the extract led to marked decreases in movement and exploratory behavior, indicating CNS depressant activity, particularly at the higher dose. Conclusion: T. indica leaf extract demonstrated strong pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties in animal models. These effects may be linked to the suppression of inflammatory pathways and interaction with central neurotransmitter systems such as GABA. The findings support the traditional use of T. indica and suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. Further studies are needed to identify active constituents and clarify the underlying mechanisms.