Tendon and Ligament Injuries: The Evolving Role of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Aims: Musculoskeletal injuries are a common injury associated with a reduction in quality of life, increased morbidity and social and financial implications. Although surgical reconstruction is a well established option, outcomes are variable. There is a growing body of interest in the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the management of tendon and ligament injuries. This review aims to summarise the information in the literature on the evolving role of these. Study design: Review Article. Place and Duration of Study: University College London Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom. Methodology: We reviewed the literature to identify studies on the use of MSCs for the management of tendon and ligament injuries Results: There is an increasing and encouraging body of evidence to suggest that MSCs have a significant role in the management of musculoskeletal injuries involving tendons and ligaments. They not only appear to promote healing but can be adapted to have further benefits such as osteointegration at the tendon-bone interfaces. Conclusion: MSCs appear to provide an encouraging treatment option for the treatment, repair and augmentation of tendon and ligament injuries. Their autologous nature make them a safe and viable option, however more studies are needed to evaluate their future role.