Investigating the Impact of Food Fortification on Micro-nutrient Content among Internally Displaced Children in Northeast Nigeria

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies remain a critical public health concern among internally displaced children (IDCs) in Northeast Nigeria, exacerbated by prolonged conflict, food insecurity, and inadequate nutrition. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of food fortification interventions in reducing the prevalence of key micronutrient deficiencies specifically iron, vitamin A, iodine, and zinc among children aged 6 months to 15 years residing in IDP camps. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, comparing baseline and post-intervention nutritional status data over a six-month period. The study population consisted of 600 children selected through stratified random sampling across three major IDP camps in Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states. Data were collected through biochemical assessments (e.g., blood and urine samples), dietary intake surveys, and health records. Standard anthropometric measurements were also taken to monitor growth and development. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and STATA, applying descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to determine the impact of fortified food consumption on micronutrient status. Multivariate regression models further identified predictors of improved nutritional outcomes. The study’s findings provided evidence-based insights into the role of fortified foods in addressing child malnutrition in emergency settings and informed future nutrition and health policy interventions in Nigeria’s humanitarian contexts.