Role of Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin III Levels in High-risk Pregnant Women in Karachi's Gadap Region for Obstetric Complications

Abstract

Objectives: Thrombophilia has been connected to both pregnancy difficulties and recurrent miscarriage. The purpose of this project is to establish a baseline of protein C, protein S, and AT III levels in pregnant females with various pregnancy-related problems, assess the prevalence of acquired deficiency in these parameters, and compare the results to a control group. Method: In conjunction with Muhammadi Blood Bank, Baqai Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study. There were 150 pregnant and non-pregnant women in the study. The immunoturbidity approach was used to assess the free protein S level, and the bichrome method was utilised to determine ATIII activity, while the clot-based methodology was used to determine PT, APTT, and protein C activity. All parameters were examined using the CA-650 automated coagulation analyzer. Results: The mean age range of the participant was 18-45 years. Most of participants were Sindhi. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 45 years old. Sindhis made up the majority of the attendees. When all three were compared, there was a significant difference in Protein C and Protein S levels (p-value=0.001), while AT III levels were insignificant. Protein S levels were found to be lower in all four pregnancy problems (PIH, IUD, Miscarriages, and Multiple Pregnancies), however only Protein C levels were lower in IUD. Conclusion: Our findings showed that protein S levels were low in both healthy pregnant women and those in the high-risk group, with no significant association with distinct problem groups. Reduced protein C levels, on the other hand, were found to have a statistically significant link to IUD instances. Antithrombin III (ATIII) levels were found to be normal in all of the groups studied.