Role and Importance of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Modern Day Agriculture by Improving Soil Rizosphere: Review

Abstract

The expanding human population necessitates more food production, but this must be done in the face of worsening climate change and a limiting supply of farmland. Today's challenge is to increase agricultural production demand while lowering the use of synthetic chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Growing need for agricultural production while reducing the usage of synthetic chemical fertilisers and pesticides has become a major problem in recent years. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) plays a vital part in the agriculture industry's sustainability. PGPR has been shown to be an ecologically friendly method of improving agricultural yields by stimulating plant development via a direct or indirect process. PGPR regulates hormonal and nutritional balance, induces resistance against plant diseases, and solubilizes nutrients for easier absorption by plants, among other things. Furthermore, PGPR exhibits both synergistic and antagonistic interactions with microorganisms in the rhizosphere and in bulk soil, which improves plant growth rate indirectly. PGPR regularly establish mutualistic interactions with host plants related to nutrient absorption (N fixation, P and K solubilization, and siderophore production), enhanced stress resistance (abiotic and biotic), and regulation of plant development and physiology through signal compound production, including phytohormones and specific inter-organism signal compounds, could be used as a more sustainable agricultural approach. Root exudates, which are released into the rhizosphere by host plants as a reduced carbon supply for phytomicrobiome members, also aid in providing a stable environment for microbe development. Given the benefits of PGPR in terms of biofertilization, biocontrol, and bioremediation, all of which have a favourable impact on crop yield and ecosystem functioning, its use in agriculture should be encouraged. With the advancement of technology in the establishment of effective research and development, PGPR utilisation will undoubtedly become a reality and will be helpful in critical processes that assure the stability and productivity of agro-ecosystems, bringing us to a perfect agricultural system.