Determinants of Equine Foot Diseases in Assam, India

Abstract

Aim: Equine foot problems is crucial for maintaining the overall health and performance of horses, as these issues can significantly impact their mobility, comfort, and quality of life. A lot of studies have been conducted in these aspects, however, no such detail history have been reported from this part of the country. The present study deals with the prevalence of various foot disorders in riding horses and their correlation to the type of ration provided, work engagement and immediate environmental conditions like equine housing patterns. The study also tries to understand the correlations between the prevalence of diverse foot ailments and the temporal variations specific to the region. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational work designed to collect data regarding various foot affections prevalent in the equine population of selected locations of Assam, India. Place of Study:4th Assam Police Battalion, Kahilipara, North-East Police Academy, Barapani, 47 Assam NCC Squadron, Khanapara and SSB horse unit, Debendra Nagar, Tezpur. Methodology: Surveys were conducted to assess the prevalence of hoof-related conditions in horses through interviews, physical examinations and radiographic examinations. Etiological factors were investigated by recording the history of affected animals, including ration type, quantity, foot care practices. Results: Thirty-five (71.42%) exhibited various foot lesions while the remaining 14 horses were detected with minor cuts/abrasions. The Prevalence of foot afflictions was found to be higher during the summer (42.86%) in comparison to the winter (28.57%). The spectrum of foot ailments documented includes hoof overgrowth (57.14%), hoof cracks (20%), thrush (8.57%), suppurative sole conditions (5.71%), quittor (2.86%), laminitis (2.86%) and bulb fibromas (2.86%). The occurrences of various types of foot afflictions were elevated in equine enclosures with concrete flooring (94.29%), as opposed to sand flooring (5.71%). Hematological analyses indicated significant (P<0.05) alterations in various blood parameters during both summer and winter for both healthy and affected equines in Hb and mean values of Red blood cells (RBC) and White Blood cells (WBC) except for neutrophils. Biochemical assessments revealed an increase in mean values of serum creatinine, creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in affected horses, though aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels remained unaffected. Conclusion: The multifaceted interplay between equine health, housing conditions, dietary patterns, and seasonal factors in the prevalence of foot disorders in stabled horses.