Renewable Energy in India: An Overview and the Path towards Sustainable Development

Abstract

The utilization of natural and energy resources began to manifest in the 19th century. Throughout the 20th century, energy usage escalated significantly. Currently, around 80% of global energy consumption is derived from the extraction of fossil fuels, including oil, coal, and gas. Renewable energy has grown increasingly vital as the world confronts the issue of alleviating the adverse effects of climate change and diminishing reliance on finite and polluting fossil fuels. Utilizing renewable energy sources is acknowledged as a crucial element in advancing sustainable development, which seeks to fulfill the requirements of the current generation without jeopardizing future generations. India, akin to other developing nations, is endeavouring to implement various strategies to guarantee a cheap and accessible energy supply for its socioeconomic and political sectors in pursuit of renewable energy advancement. India's Renewable Energy Goals stipulate an objective of attaining 500 GW of installed capacity by 2030. This study aim is to examine the several sources of renewable energy, including solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass, to facilitate sustainable development in India. Strong policy support with stable and predictable regulations, effective grid integration strategies to manage variable renewables, dedicated funding for research and development, and strong public engagement are key findings to successfully implement the state-level renewable energy. Setting aggressive renewable energy capacity installation targets, easing grid integration through transmission infrastructure expansion, and offering financial incentives like subsidies and tax benefits are significant recommendations for India to promote renewable energy.