Recent Development of Integrated Renewable Energy System in India and Around the World

Abstract

Integrated renewable energy systems have evolved by combining some renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind, hydro and biomass together with a variety of storage and control technologies. Worldwide reviews indicate that advanced control strategies and a wide range of storage media (chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal) are currently implemented in hybrid systems. Papers on several applications for rural electrification, grid integration are featured in India. Additional studies focus on state level analyses of wind-solar hybrid systems and the policy changes and local constraints such as land use and transmission infrastructure. India has become one of the busiest testbeds for "dispatchable renewables" with multi-GW tenders mandating firm around-the-clock supply from storage hybrids, scaling incentives for batteries and green-hydrogen. Meanwhile, China continues to combine massive desert wind-solar farms with UHV transmission and local storage; the EU is reengineering markets for flexibility and two-way CfDs; the US is reforming interconnection standards as hybrid plants take over queues; and Australia is expanding VPPs, big batteries, and transmission to unlock high VRE shares.