Recent Advances in Multimodal Extraction Processes and Biological Activities of Perilla Essential Oil

Abstract

Perilla frutescens, rich in active terpene components such as perillaldehyde and perillartine, holds great promise in the field of botanical pesticides. This article reviews major essential-oil extraction techniques, including traditional distillation/solvent extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and coupled strategies, and compares their yields, component enrichment, operational advantages, and scalability. It also clarifies the repellent and antifeedant activities of perilla essential oil against stored-product pests, orchard pests, mosquitoes, and piercing-sucking pests, and summarizes the organ distribution and chemotype differences of the core components. Perilla essential oil possesses a triple mode of action—lethal toxicity, repellency, and antifeedancy—and the extraction technology has developed toward greener and more efficient directions. However, deficiencies remain in field persistence, standardized evaluation, and environmental safety assessment. Future studies should further optimize extraction processes and clarify mechanisms of action to promote industrial application.