Assessing Suitable Tree Species for Biochar Production and Their Performance in Enriching Soil Quality and Plant Growth of Oryza sativa L. and Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to identify suitable tree species for biochar production and evaluate their effectiveness in improving soil quality and the growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Akshmoni (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth). The findings will help determine the most effective biochar feedstock for sustainable agroforestry practices in tropical regions. Study Design: The experiment was conducted using a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with six different tropical tree species as feedstock for biochar production. Biochar was applied as a soil amendment at a rate of 10 t/ha, with a control group for comparison. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the nursery of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) in Sylhet, Bangladesh over a specific period, focusing on biochar production and its impact on soil properties and plant growth. Methodology: Six tropical tree species—Rain tree (Albizia saman), Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba), Kathal (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Mango (Mangifera indica), Chambul (Terminalia arjuna), and Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)—were selected as feedstock for biochar production. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test were used to determine statistical significance (α = 0.05) in evaluating biochar yield, soil quality improvement, and plant growth performance. Results: Among the six species, Chambul (Terminalia arjuna) produced the highest biochar yield (41.6%) and exhibited the highest germination potential (88.3%). It also showed positive effects on plant growth performance. However, certain biochar types had adverse effects on plant growth, indicating that the choice of feedstock significantly influences biochar effectiveness. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate feedstock species for biochar production. Chambul (Terminalia arjuna) biochar demonstrated the most promising results in terms of yield, soil quality enhancement, and plant growth. However, careful selection of tree species is crucial before biochar application to ensure optimal benefits for soil and plant health.