Socio-demographic Predictors of Menstrual Hygiene Behaviour among Medical Undergraduates at Rivers State University, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Menstrual hygiene behaviour is crucial for women's reproductive health, yet evidence on its predictors among female undergraduates in Southern Nigeria is limited. This study assessed socio-demographic factors influencing menstrual hygiene behaviour among female medical undergraduate students at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional design was used, with data collected from 312 female medical undergraduates selected via stratified random sampling. A validated Menstrual Practices Questionnaire was used, and data were analysed with SPSS Version 27. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were performed. Model diagnostics included normality testing, multicollinearity assessment, and tests of proportional odds, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 21.4 ± 2.3 years. Menstrual hygiene behaviour was categorised as poor (17.6%), fair (29.5%), and good (52.9%). Significant bivariate associations were found with age group (χ²=9.84, p=0.007), academic level (χ²=6.22, p=0.045), mother's education (χ²=11.32, p=0.003), and monthly allowance (χ²=10.05, p=0.006). Ordinal logistic regression identified that students aged 20–24 had higher odds of better hygiene behaviour (AOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.12–2.96) compared to younger peers. Senior academic level (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.03–2.46), higher maternal education (AOR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.37–3.35), and moderate/high allowance (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.22–3.05) were also significant predictors. Urban residence was not significant after adjustment (p=0.392). Conclusion: Age, academic progression, maternal education, and financial capacity are significant socio-demographic predictors of menstrual hygiene behaviour among female medical undergraduates. Interventions should address these structural determinants alongside educational components to improve menstrual health outcomes in tertiary institutions.