Renal and Hepatic Dysfunctions in Early Phase of Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection of Nigerian Pigs

Abstract

Aim: The effects of infection with Trypanosoma brucei on renal and hepatic functions in early phase of disease were studied in experimentally infected pigs. The aim of this study was to identify serum biochemical changes that could serve as biomarkers of early renal and hepatic dysfunctions and also serve as basis for therapeutic management of T. brucei infections in man and animals. Study Design: A total of 15 growing pigs aged between 6 and 12 months old were used for the study. The pigs were selected at random into two groups. Group one was made up of seven animals and served as the infected group.  The pigs were each infected with 1 x 106 parasites in 2mls of normal saline subcutaneously. The second group, made up of six animals, served as the un-infected control group. Place and Duration of Study: The pigs were housed in insect proof pens for two months while the experiment lasted. Methodology: Blood for serum obtained through venipuncture of the anterior venacava was used for determination of the serum total proteins, albumin, creatinine and urea concentrations as well as activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase post infection. Results: After infection there was a sharp increase in Total proteins (P = .05) accompanied by decrease in albumin but increase in globulin concentrations on Day 5.  Increases in,   serum creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) concentrations and, activities of Alanine and Aspartate aminotransferases also occurred from this day. Conclusion: It was concluded that decrease in serum albumin concentration alongside increase in creatinine and urea levels as well as those of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities may be biomarkers of early onset of renal and hepatic pathology and determinants of ability to achieve self-cure from anemia in T. brucei infections of man and animals. This underscores the relevance of erythropoietin use in chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis and the roles of renal and hepatic integrity in trypanotolerace.