Outcomes and Complications of Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery: A Case Series

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal deformity correction surgery is indicated for progressive or severe deformities that cause pain, functional limitation, or cardiopulmonary compromise. Outcomes and complication profiles vary according to deformity etiology, curve magnitude, and perioperative management. Case Series: Three patients underwent spinal deformity correction surgery. Two female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (Lenke 1 and Lenke 6B) presented with different chief complaints: one with back pain and the other with dyspnea. One male patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) presented with a painful kyphotic deformity. Surgical correction achieved substantial radiographic improvement in one AIS case (up to 75% Cobb angle reduction) and marked sagittal realignment in the AS case, while the severe double-curve case demonstrated partial correction. One patient developed a deep surgical site infection requiring debridement, antibiotics, and negative-pressure wound therapy. Discussion: All patients demonstrated meaningful clinical improvement, including pain relief, improved mobility, and resolution of respiratory symptoms when present. Radiographic correction was consistent with published outcomes, although severe curves showed more limited correction. Complications were limited to one infectious event and minor sensory neurological sequelae, consistent with rates reported in the deformity surgery literature. Conclusion: Spinal deformity correction surgery provides favorable outcomes across different deformity etiologies when appropriately indicated and managed. Individualized surgical planning, effective perioperative care, and early rehabilitation are critical to optimizing outcomes while minimizing complications.