The Correlation between Severity of Acanthosis Nigricans and Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is a dermatologic manifestation characterized by hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin, commonly observed in body folds. While traditionally considered a cutaneous marker of insulin resistance, recent studies have hinted at broader metabolic implications associated with AN. Understanding the intricate connections between AN and various metabolic parameters is crucial for comprehensive patient care and management. Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic associations of Acanthosis Nigricans, with a specific emphasis on its correlation with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (METS). The aim was to provide insights into the interplay between AN severity and metabolic health indicators, particularly focusing on the 18-40 age group and the impact on the neck area. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design, involving a diverse sample of participants within the 18-40 age range. Data collection included detailed clinical assessments, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and ultrasound evaluations. Statistical analyses explored associations between AN severity, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and other relevant metabolic parameters. Results: The study found a high prevalence of AN in the 18-40 age group, primarily affecting the neck area. Significant associations were observed between AN and metabolic derangements such as obesity, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in AN cases was 20.0%, with ultrasound changes like fatty liver and polycystic ovary syndrome noted in 13.3% of the participants. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of recognizing the broader impact of AN on metabolic health beyond its traditional association with insulin resistance. The intricate interplay between AN and various metabolic parameters, including abnormal insulin levels, BMI, ultrasound findings, and metabolic syndrome, underscores the complexity of this dermatologic manifestation. It is crucial to shift the focus from AN severity alone to a comprehensive understanding of its multifaceted connections with systemic metabolic health.