Knowledge and Awareness about Biomedical Waste Management among Undergraduate Dental Interns: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

Abstract

Biomedical waste (BMW) generated in dental clinics poses significant infection-control and environmental challenges. Dental interns, as frontline healthcare providers, are routinely exposed to various categories of BMW, yet their formal training and practical compliance with BMW management guidelines remain insufficiently characterised. The present study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and self-reported practices regarding biomedical waste management among undergraduate dental interns. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 undergraduate dental interns using a pre-validated, structured online questionnaire comprising 50 closed-ended questions spanning knowledge, awareness, and practice domains. Descriptive statistics were expressed as frequencies and percentages; a seven-item knowledge score was computed and categorised as Low, Moderate, or High. The Chi-square test was applied to examine associations between categorical variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The majority of interns had received formal training on BMW segregation (87.0%) and were aware that improper BMW disposal contributes to environmental pollution (91.0%). However, only 46.0% correctly identified the four standard colour-coded container system, and 51.0% knew the maximum permissible on-site storage duration. The mean knowledge score was 4.78±1.63 out of 7; 42.0% of participants attained a High knowledge level. Concerning practices, 72.0% admitted to recapping used needles and 38.0% reported bending or breaking needles by hand. While awareness levels are generally satisfactory, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding colour coding and storage regulations. The high prevalence of unsafe needle-handling practices underscores the need for structured, simulation-based BMW training embedded within the dental internship curriculum.