Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis amongst Individuals in Ahoada West Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a major disease of public health concern and is responsible for approximately 280,000 deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis infestation in Ahoada West Local Government Area, Rivers State. This research was a cross-sectional study. Participants were selected in Secondary schools and primary health care centres in the Okarki community. A total of seventy (70) participants were recruited for this study. Faecal samples were collected and examined microscopically and macroscopically using the Kato Katz method. The results showed that the Okarki Community of Ahoada West Local Government Area is endemic for intestinal Schistosomiasis, with a prevalence of 22% among subjects sampled in the area. In this study, higher prevalence was recorded in males (26%) than females (15%). With regards to risk factors, distance of residence from the water source and source of drinking water are relatively associated with the infection. Accurate and timely diagnosis should be reemphasized as a way to curb the disease, and using an effective diagnostic tool like the kato-katz method is advised. Early treatment is important, thereby preventing the Schistosoma infection with the drug praziquantel (Biltricide) which often effectively treats schistosomiasis. Implementing health education programs within schools and communities—focusing on good personal hygiene and proper sanitary practices—is essential to significantly diminish the transmission and morbidity of schistosomiasis in this area.