Spatial Analysis of School Accessibility in Tarutung District and Its Policy Implications

Abstract

This study evaluates the accessibility of Junior High School (SMP) educational facilities in Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency, with a focus on addressing socio-economic disparities and geographic challenges. Using spatial analysis methods such as buffer and overlay analysis, combined with the Neighborhood Unit theory, the research identifies critical gaps in educational access. Findings reveal that 77.41% of the district's area falls outside the ideal accessibility radius for schools, highlighting significant inequities for students in remote and underserved areas. Contributing factors include inadequate public transportation and the uneven distribution of schools, compounded by the zoning system for student admissions, which prioritizes proximity without considering geographic and infrastructural barriers. This study recommends redistributing educational facilities, enhancing transportation infrastructure, and revising zoning policies to better address regional needs. The findings underscore the importance of integrating socio-economic and spatial considerations into educational planning. By improving accessibility, these recommendations aim to foster equitable and inclusive education. This research provides a foundation for future studies and policy initiatives in other regions facing similar challenges.